Indian: Well, I'm a Buddhist, so I've read the Dhammapada, the Kalama Sutta, the Mahasatipatthana Sutta, and most of the Pali Canon. I've also read some of the Mahabharata (the Hindu epic that includes the Bhagavad Gita). Chinese: I've read the Art of War, the Tao Te Ching, Analects, and parts of the Book of Ritual. Japanese: A few of Sen no Rikyu's poems (most of my information on Rikyu comes from the Book of Tea, though), and I've read of Bushido (I haven't read any primary documents).
I've read the most about the Buddha and his teachings, so that's what I'm most knowledgeable about. I don't know a lot about Mongolian philosophy or Eastern Russian. Everything else pretty much derived from the Buddha, the Bhagavad Gita, Confucius, and Lao Tzu. But I'm always interested in finding more things to read about from any culture! My current interests are in Sub-Saharan African tribes (if you were interested, hahaha). Thanks for asking! :)