Sure, but this is essentially the equivalent of research showing e-cigarettes cause more lung cancer than cigarettes. Possible, but a reason to raise eyebrows for sure, and also a reason to double down, because the stakes are worth more than 1 publication on the topic.
And I hope someone is studying the effects of e-cigarettes!!! "Here, inhale this evaporated chemical. It doesn't smell bad, so it must be fine, right?" But yes, I expect with the visibility of this paper, many people will try to replicate their work. It won't be long before this is confirmed or challenged. I'm sure the food industry is already having their lawyers draft memos about how unsound this science is, and I'm sure they'll sponsor their own "independent" research on the topic as well.